Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs is a crucial tool in helping a loved one to live at home in a way that is comfortable for them. If they are not designed properly, they are dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide a gripping surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design has to meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs are able to comfortably navigate the structure. For example, the ramp slope should not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have landings that are level upon any direction change or shift in the ramp's surface. It also must be constructed out of treated lumber that is more robust and withstands rain better than untreated lumber.

The top and bottom of the ramp need to be clear of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that could hinder the safe passage of the ramp's user. The ramp's surface must be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require an anti-slip running surface along the ramp's entire length.

Use treated lumber at minimum 4 inches in width for the ramp frame. To make sure the ramp is secure, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below ground level. Spindles should be used to join the posts with the railings of the ramp. This type of connection is preferred since it minimizes the risk of the ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp.

Then, build the ramp's frame using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they are secured with hangers for joists, which are nails that bind the inside of the joists to prevent them from sliding out of place. Attach the ramp decking using framing nails.

Include an upper landing in the doorway to ensure telescopic wheelchair ramps users can easily navigate the doorswing. This landing should provide 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of the doors that swing out. For doors with in-swing, the landing must be at minimum 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold and a person using wheelchair who has to move backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing at any change in ramp direction to prevent the necessity for wheelchairs to hit on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing is easier to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that lawnmowers and other equipment can move under it.

Materials

Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to construct ramps for wheelchairs. A professional ramp installation company can help you decide which one is suitable for your home or business. It is important to consider your specific needs and budget when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be simple to maintain and should be safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be paved with an anti-slip surface.

Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits before you begin building or purchasing materials. Also, be sure to adhere to all local building codes. Making use of the incorrect materials or construction techniques could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find current construction regulations in your local building department, library or on the internet.

Wood ramps are usually the least expensive of ADA ramp materials, but they require more care than other options. Wood ramps must be treated regularly with an adhesive to avoid the onset of rot. Wood can splinter, which is particularly hazardous for people in wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require additional support to keep the structure in place.

Concrete ramps are extremely durable and long-lasting, but they can be expensive. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to install ramps and may make it difficult to move the ramp when they are no longer needed. Concrete ramps are strong enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps weigh less than steel or concrete however they possess the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than iron or steel and are an ideal choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is also green because it is found naturally in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled.

The upper landing of the ramp should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the threshold to allow the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to cross it without becoming stuck. Ramps with a gap larger than this won't meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the landing area and the ground surface. The final section of the ramp should have a beveled edge that will prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly at the point of leaving or entering the home.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is an inclined plane that is installed on top of or in place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users and people who use carts or strollers to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to reach, such as the front door or a set of steep steps.

When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, such as the location, height, and price. The ideal is for a ramp to be located close to the door as possible to help prevent unnecessary transportation. It should also be placed at an elevation that is easily accessed by the person using it. It should also be secured to the ground and free of obstructions, such as trees or parked cars.

ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails either side. The rails should be at least 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. They must also be attached to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. If a ramp has switchesbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails should be a continuous length between the ramp runs.

The length of a ramp depends on the incline, however there are a few standard ramp types that can be used in most situations. For example the threshold ramp is right on the edge of a curb or at the threshold of a doorway while ramps that are portable can be moved from one location to another and are available in many different sizes. There are also aluminum ramps with modular design that can be constructed on the spot. These are often used for public or commercial spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and ramps that are portable.

Contact your city's construction department to determine if a permit is required for an ongoing ramp. It is also a good idea to consult with an expert in mobility to determine what kind of ramp is best suited to your needs and the space you have. In some instances the installation of a permanent ramp can even increase the resale value of your home.

Maintenance

It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if you are going to use it frequently. You'll need to conduct regular inspections and repair any structural problems as they occur. This will help ensure that the ramp complies with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is essential to remove debris and dirt that could hinder access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating under the surface. This can lead to decay. Preservatives and stains for wood only work properly only if the ramp is clean before application.

Wheelchair ramps are more challenging to maintain than other types of ramps because they are more prone to wear and tear. It is important to have the proper tools. A set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be crucial to ensure that all fixings are secure and secure. It's also worth regularly inspecting the handrails to ensure that they are in a good condition and do not show signs of corrosion or damage. It's possible that over time, with repeated usage, some of the bolts and fittings that hold the handrails on may come loose, which can be a major safety concern for people who use the ramp.

It is also crucial to make sure that the surface of the electric wheel Chair ramp is sufficiently grippy especially in winter, when the conditions can be difficult. You'll need to sweep away any leaves, dirt and other debris that may obstruct the surface and cause slippage. You'll also need to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive to the ramp's surface to prevent injuries and slipping.

You should consider purchasing "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you plan to use it throughout the winter. These wheels are designed to better track on slippery and snowy surfaces. They can help you remain on your ramp for longer than regular wheelchair tires. Alternatively, you can place heating pads or tape on the ramp's surface to melt ice and snow before it gets accumulated.